The place of groupwork practice within the lecture theatre: Promoting self-directed learning, student reflection and orbital communication via the entwined endeavours of teaching, role play and facilitation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v26i2.1032Abstract
Abstract: HE is increasingly encouraging rhetorical notions of student centred learning, where the value of pedagogic content is sited upon the student, who is likely to be the novice. Such circumstances place tension upon the lecturer to fulfil policy directives whilst also promoting their discipline. This paper argues that such a predicament can be addressed via the inclusion of groupwork and role play within the lecture theatre, so as to reconcile the interplay between teaching and facilitation. The paper illustrates its argument via lecturer and student reflections; promoting a beneficial form of pedagogy which provides opportunities for students to share lived experiences so as to encourage reflection upon theory learnt. The pedagogy also allows for students to engage in and thus understand group dynamics and groupwork practices so as to be better placed to evaluate their own learning.Keywords: facilitation; teaching; orbital communication; co-construction of knowledge; self-directed groupwork; large groups; higher education; role play
References
Barker, C. (2005) Cultural Studies: theory and practice. London: Sage
Biggs. J. (1999) Teaching for Quality Learning at University. Buckingham: SRHE and Open University Press
Blakemore, K. and Warwick-Booth, L. (2013) Social Policy- an introduction. 4th edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press
Blatner, A, (2009) Role-playing in Education. [Accessed 29 June 2011 at http://www.blatner.com/adam/pdntbk/rlplayedu.htm]
Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. ( 2001) Peer learning in higher education: learning from and with each other. London: Kogan Page
Brookfield, S. D. (2009). Self-directed learning. in R. Maclean & D. Wilson (eds).International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work. Netherlands: Springer (pp. 2615-2627)
Brooks, J. and Brooks, M. (1993) In Search of Understanding: The case for constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, VA: ASCD
Brown, R. (1999) Group processes: Dynamics within and between groups. (2nd ed.) Oxford: WileyBlackwell
Brown, P., 2009a. Beyond reason? The limitations of rationality – a tautological and asocial concept. Paper presented at King’s Risk Reseach Symposium, 5 June 2009, King’s College London. Available from: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/geography/research/hrg/researchsymposium/2aBrown.doc
Carter, R. and Nunan, D. ( 2001) The Cambridge guide to teaching English to speakers of other languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Case, R., Harper, Tiley, S. and Weins, J. (1994) Stewart on teaching versus facilitating: a misconstrued. Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l’éducation ,19, 3, 287-298
Clark, R. (1999) From text to performance , interpretation or traduction ? Trevor Griffiths, ‘Fatherland’ as directed by Ken Loach. Language and Literature. 8, 2, 99–123
Cohen, S. (1980) Folk Devils and Moral Panics (2nd ed). London: Routledge
Colini, S. (2012) What are universities for? London: Penguin
Coutu, W. (1951) Role playing versus role taking: an appeal for clarification. American Sociological Review, 16, 2, 180-187.
Davis, W.M. (2009) Groupwork as a form of assessment: Common problems and recommended solutions. Higher Education, 58, 563-584 available at http://www.academia.edu/448870/Groupwork_as_a_Form_of_Assessment_Common_Problems_and_Recommended_Solutions
Deneve, K. M. and Heppner, M.J. (1997) Role play simulations- the assessment of an active learning technique and comparisons with traditional lectures. Innovative higher education, 21, 3, 231-246
Dolmans, D., Wolfhagen, I., van der Vleuten, C. & Wijnen, W. (2001) Solving problems with groupwork in problem-based learning: Hold on to the philosophy. Medical Education, 35,9, 884–889. in W.M. Davis (2009) Groupwork as a form of assessment: common problems and recommended solutions. Higher Education, 58,563-584 available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11555227
Douglas, T. (2000) Basic Groupwork (2nd ed). London: Routledge
Entwistle, N. & Waterston, S. (1988) Approaches to studying and levels of processing in university students. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, 258–265. in W.M. Davis, ( 2009) Groupwork as a form of assessment: common problems and recommended solutions. Published on line High Educ ,58, March, 563–584 available http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1988.tb00901.x/abstract
Fleming, J. and Ward, D. (2013) Facilitation and groupwork tasks in self-directed groupwork, Groupwork , 23, 2, 48-66
Fletcher- Morgan, C. and Leyland, K. (2010) Making people more responsible: The Blair governments programme for changing citizens’ behaviour. Political Studies, 58, 3, June, 427-449
Forsyth, D, R. (2005) Group Dynamics (4th ed). Belmont CA.: Wadsworth Publishing
Giddens, A. (1979) Central problems in social theory. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan
Goffman, E. (1955) ‘On face work’ in C. Lemert (Ed.) (2010) Social Theory. The multicultural Readings. Philadelphia: Westview Press (pp 338-343)
Goffmann, E. (1959) The presentation of self in everyday life. USA: Anchor Books
Goffman, E (1961) Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. New York: Anchor Books
Hall, A. and Midgeley, J. (2004) Social policy for development. London: Sage
Hofer, B.K. and Pintrich, P.R. ( 2002) Personal epistemology. The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing. London: Routledge.
hooks, b. (1994) Teaching to transgress. New York and London: Routledge
Ireson, J., Mortimore, P. and Hallam, S. (1999) The common strands of pedagogy and their implications. in P.Mortimore ( Ed.) Understanding pedagogy and its impact on learning. London: P.Chapman (pp.175-192)
Itin, C.M. (1999) Reasserting the philosophy of Experiential Education as a vehicle for change in the 21st Century. The Journal of Experiential Education, 22, 2, 91-98
Johnson, D, W. and Johnson F, P. (1997) Joining Together. Group theory and group skills. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Johnson, D.W. and Johnson, R.T. (1989) Social skills for successful group work. Educational leadership. [Accessed 15th December 2016 at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Johnson50/publication/234590538_Social_Skills_for_Successful_Group_Work/links/00b7d5261b54ebe322000000.pdf]
Klein, J (1961) Working with Groups. The social psychology of discussion and decision. London: Hutchinson
Knowles, M, S. ( 1975) Self-directed learning. A guide for learners and teachers. New York: Association Press
Kremer, J. & McGuiness, C. (1998) Cutting the cord: Student-led discussion groups in higher education. Education /Training, 40, 2, 44–49. in W.M. Davis, ( 2009) Groupwork as a form of assessment: common problems and recommended solutions. Published on line High Educ 58, March, 563-584 needs full journal title and web address
Laird, D. ( 1985) Approaches to training and development. Reading, Mass: Addison-Westley
Law, B. (1996) ‘Careers education in the curriculum’, in A.G. Watts, B. Law, J. Killeen, J. Kidd and R. Hawthorn (Eds.) Rethinking Careers Education and Guidance: Theory, Policy, and Practice. London: Routledge ( pp. 216-232)
Love, K. (2008). Higher education, pedagogy and the ‘customerisation’ of teaching and learning. Journal of Philosophy of Education, . 42, 1, 2008
Mills, T. (1970) Readings on the sociology of small groups. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall
Noddings, N. (2003) Is teaching a practice. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 17, 2. 241-251
Offer, M (2001) Groupwork: guidance in a group setting. in Gothard, W., Mignot,P, Offer M and Ruff, M. Careers Guidance in Context. London: Sage (pp. 59-75)
Quitadamo, I.J., Brahler, C.J. and Gregory, J. ( 2009) Peer led team learning : a prospective method for increasing critical thinking in undergraduate science courses. Science Educator, 18, 1, Spring , 29-39
Phillips, M. (1965) Small Social Groups in England. London: Methuen
Preston-Shoot, M. (1987) Effective Group Work, Basingstoke: Macmillan
Phillips, J ( 2001) Group work in Social Care Planning. London. Jessica KingsleyRobert, S., Kerr, B. and Miller, N. (1992) Group process, group decision, group action. Buckingham : Open University Press
Schultz, A. (1972) The Phenomenology of the Social World. London: Heinemann
Scott, I .(2011) The learning outcomes in Higher Education. Time to think again? Worcester Journal of Learning and Teaching. Available at http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1241/
Schulman, L. (1979) The Skills of Helping Individuals and Groups. Itasca, Ill.:Peacock.
Smeardon, B.A., Burkham, D.T. and Lee, V.E (1999) Access to constructivist and didactic teaching. Who gets it ? where is it practised ? Teachers College Record, 101, 1, 5-34
Smith, M. K. (2001) ‘Action research’, the encyclopedia of informal education, [ Accessed at 15th December 2016 www.infed.org/research/b-actres.htm ]
Staddon, P. and Standish, E. (2012) Improving the student experience. Journal of the Philosophy of Education,46. 4. November 631-648
Towers, C. and Gee, R. (2012) Acting on the ‘knife edge’: Incorporating role-play within the curriculum. SEDA 13, 4, December, 1469-3267
Tuckman, B. W. & Jensen, M. A C. (1977) ‘Stages of small group development revisited’. Group and Organizational Studies, 2, 419- 427
Vickerstaff, S., Loretto, W., Billings, J., Brown, P., Mitton, L., Parkin, T. and White, P. (2008) Encouraging labour market activity among 60-64 year olds. London: Department of Work and Pensions
Williams, J. ( 2013) Consuming Higher Education. Why learning can’t be bought. London: Bloomsbury