Applying Self-Directed Groupwork and Social Action Research Methodology with francophone parents of trans children and youth in Rural Quebec

Authors

  • Annie Pullen Sansfaçon Université de Montréal
  • Dominique Pineault Université de Montréal
  • Jennifer Davis
  • Jennifer Dyer
  • James Julie
  • Kimberley Ens Manning
  • Julia Temple-Newhook
  • Sarah Pickett

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v30i1.1529

Abstract

Parental support is an important protective factor in preventing suicide among trans youth. However, parents often struggle to accept their child’s gender transition.  Having access to a group and to meeting other parents facilitates the acceptance process, but support groups are rare and even more so outside urban areas. The research project discussed in this article was developed to understand specifically the experience of parents of francophone trans youth living in rural and remote communities in Quebec. A Self-Directed Group approach (Mullender, Ward and Fleming 2013), combined with Social Action Research (Author et al. 2015) was initiated to offer a platform for parents to explore the specificities of parenting a trans child in rural francophone Quebec.  Parents were recruited through social and traditional media and a series of group meetings was planned to collect data and as well as to facilitate the parents' mobilization.  Despite applying the Self-Directed Groupwork principles and process, many challenges were encountered, stimulating a number of reflections on the use of self-directed group work and social action in remote geographical areas. This paper explores some of those challenges and discusses a possible way forward for research.

Author Biography

Dominique Pineault, Université de Montréal

Master Student, School of Social Work, Université de Montréal

References

Braun, V.& Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2, 77-101

CEFRIO (2018) L’enquête NETendances 2018 : Portrait numérique des foyers québécois. Quebec: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec

Connolly, M. D., Zervos, M. J., Barone, C. J. II, Johnson, C. C. & Joseph, C. L. (2016) The mental health of transgender youth: advances in understanding. J Adolesc Health, 59, 5, :489–495

Durwood, L., McLaughlin, K. A. & Olson, K. R. (2017) Mental Health and Self-Worth in Socially Transitioned Transgender Youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56,2, 116-123

Gumpert, J. & Saltman J.E. (1999) Social Group Work Practice in Rural Areas: The Practitioners Speak. Social Work with Groups, 21, 3, 19-34

Fleming, J. & Ward, D. (2017) Self-directed Groupwork: Social justice through social action and empowerment. Critical and Radical Social Work, 5, 1, 75-91

Hampton, L. (2018) Supporting Genderqueer Youth in rural Communities. in E.Meyer, and A. Pullen Sansfaçon (Eds.) Supporting Gender Creative and Transgender Youths : Family, Schools and Community in action. (revised ed.) California: Peter Lang Press (pp. 267-284)

Hidalgo, M. A. & Chen, D. (2019) Experiences of Gender Minority Stress in Cisgender Parents of Transgender/Gender-Expansive Prepubertal Children: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Family Issues, 40, 7, 865–886

Humble, M.L., Lewis, M.L., Scott, D.L & Herzog, G.R. (2013) Challenges in Rural Social Work Practice: When Support Groups Contain Your Neighbors, Church Members, and the PTA. Social Work with Groups, 36, 2-3, 249-258

Kuvalanka, K. A., Mahan, D. J., McGuire, J. K. & Hoffman, T. K. (2018) Perspectives of Mothers of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Homosexuality, 65, 9, 1167–1189

Lowry, J. R., Andrzejewski, J., Barrios, L. C., Demissie, Z., McManus, T., Rasberry, C. N., Robin, L. & Underwood, J. M. (2019) Transgender Identity and Experiences of Violence Victimization, Substance Use, Suicide Risk, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students — 19 States and Large Urban School Districts, 2017. MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2019, 68, 67–71

Menvielle, E.J. et Rodnan, E.A. (2011) A Therapeutic Group for Parents of Transgender Adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am, 20, 733–74

Mullender, A. and Ward, D. (1991) Self-Directed Groupwork: Users Take Action for Empowerment. London: Whiting and Birch

Mullender, A., Ward, D. & Fleming, J. (2013) Empowerment in Action: Self-Directed Groupwork. Basingstoke(UK): Palgrave Macmillan

Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M. & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016) Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities. Pediatrics, 137, 3

Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Dumais Michaud, A.A., and Robichaud, M.J. (2018b) Transforming challenges into action: Researching the experience of parents of gender creative children through social action and self-directed groupwork. in E.J. Meyer, E. and A. Pullen Sansfaçon (Eds.) Supporting Gender Creative and Transgender Youths: Family, Schools and Community in action. , A. (2nd ed.) New York: Peter Lang (pp 249-266)

Pullen Sansfacon, A, Gelly, M. Faddoul M, and LEE OJ. (2020a) Parental support and non-support of trans youth: Towards a nuanced understanding of forms of support and trans youth’s expectations . Revue internationale Enfances Familles Générations, 36. https://doi.org/10.7202/1078016ar

Pullen Sansfaçon, A. Hébert, W. Ou Jin Lee, E. Faddoul, M. Tourki, D and Bellot, C. (2018) Digging beneath the surface: results from stage one of a qualitative analysis of factors influencing the well-being of trans youth in quebec. Journal of Transgenderism, 19, 2, 184-202. DOI:10.1080/15532739.2018.1446066

Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Kirichenko, V., Holmes, C., Feder, S., Lawson, M. L., Ghosh, S., Ducharme, J., Temple Newhook, J., and Suerich-Gulick, F. (2020b) Parents’ journeys to acceptance and support of gender-diverse and trans children and youth. Journal of Family Issues, 41, 8., 1214–1236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19888779

Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Robichaud, M.J., and Dumais-Michaud, A.A. (2015) The experience of parents who support their children’s gender variance. Journal of LGBT Youth, 12, 39-63

Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Ward, D., Dumais Michaud, A.A., Robichaud, M.J, and Clegg, A. (2014) Working with parents of gender variant children: using social action as an emancipatory research framework. Journal of Progressive Human Services, 25, 3, 214-229

Roberts, A. L., Rosario, M., Corliss, H. L., Koenen, K. C. et Bryn Austin, S. (2012) Childhood gender noncomformity: A risk indicator for childhood abuse and posttraumatic stress in youth. Pediatrics, 129, 3, 410-417

Scanlon, K., Travers, R., Coleman, T., Bauer, G. and Boyce, M. (2010) Ontario’s Trans Communities and Suicide: Transphobia Is Bad for Our Health.. Trans PULSE E-Bulletin, 1, 2. [Accessed 05/12/2021 at Trans PULSE. https://transpulseproject.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/E2English.pdf]

Slovak, K., Sparks A. & Hall, S. (2011) Attention to Rural Populations in Social Work’s Scholarly Journals. Journal of Social Service Research, 37, 4, 428-438

Taylor, C., Peter, T., McMinn, T. L., Elliott, T., Beldom, S. & Ferry, A. (2011) Every class in every school: The First National Climate Survey on Homophobia, Biphobia, and Transphobia in Canadian Schools. Final report. Toronto, ON: Egale Canada Human Rights Trust. [Accessed Accessed 05/12/2021 at https://egale.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/EgaleFinalReport-web.pdf]

Taylor, A.B., Chan, A., Hall, S.L., Saewyc, E. M. & the Canadian Trans & Non-binary Youth Health Survey Research Group (2020) Being Safe, Being Me 2019: Results of the Canadian Trans and Non-binary Youth Health Survey. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre

Temple Newhook, J., Benson, K., Bridger, T., Crowther, C., and Sinnott. R. (2018). The TransKidsNL Study: Healthcare and support needs of transgender children, youth, and families on the island of Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 37, 2, 13-28. DOI:10.7870/cjcmh-2018-009

Tollit, M. A., Feldman, D., McKie, G. & Telfer, M. M. (2018) Patient and Parent Experiences of Care at a Pediatric Gender Service. Transgender Health, 3, 1, 251–256

Travers, R., Bauer, G., Pyne, J., Bradley, K. for the Trans PULSE Project, Gale, L. & Papadimitriou, M. (2012) Impacts of Strong Parental Support for Trans Youth: A Report Prepared for Children’s Aid Society of Toronto and Delisle Youth Services. [accessed 5/12/2021 at Trans PULSE: https://transpulseproject.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Impacts-of-Strong-Parental-Support-for-Trans-Youth-vFINAL.pdf]

Watson, R. J., Veale, J. F. & Saewyc, E. M. (2016) Disordered eating behaviors among transgender youth: Probability profiles from risk and protective factors. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49, 9, 515-522

Downloads

Published

2021-12-10

How to Cite

Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Pineault, D., Davis, J., Dyer, J., Julie, J., Ens Manning, K., Temple-Newhook, J., & Pickett, S. (2021). Applying Self-Directed Groupwork and Social Action Research Methodology with francophone parents of trans children and youth in Rural Quebec. Groupwork, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v30i1.1529

Issue

Section

Groupwork and Research