Ain’t gonna study war no more: Teaching and learning cooperation in a graduate course in resource and environmental management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v25i2.888Abstract
Abstract: Humans are the primary causes of increases in biosphere-scale toxicity, climatic variation, and risk. Despite several generations of intensive and scientifically astute environmental advocacy, research, and training it is unclear whether these trends will provoke self-perpetuating and out-spiraling conflicts or unprecedented levels of effective cooperation. For educators, a pivotal question is whether our schools, classrooms and curricula will produce the problem solvers required to meet escalating challenges in resource and environmental management. One of our responses to this question is a course that uses groupwork to simulate aspects of ‘real world’ complexity in resource management. The course, taught to over 300 graduate students in Simon Fraser University’s School of Resource and Environmental Management, effectively trains learners in the acquisition and application of conceptual and practical knowledge and skills centered on cooperation among individuals and groups with diverse values and interests.References
Acheson, J.M. (1975). The lobster fiefs: economic and ecological effects of territoriality in the Maine lobster fishery. Human Ecology, 3, 3, 183-207
Acheson, J.M. (2006) Institutional failure in resource management. Annual Review of Anthropology, 35,117-134
Agrawal, A. (2002) Common resources and institutional sustainability. in E. Ostrom, T. Dietz, N. Dolsak, P. C. Stern, S. Stonich & E. U. Weber (Eds.) The drama of the commons Washington, DC: National Research Council (pp.41–86)
Armitage, D., Berkes, F., Doubleday, N. (Eds.) (2007) Adaptive co-management: Collaborative learning and multi-level governance. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press
Arnocky, S., and Stroink, M.L. (2011) Variation in environmentalism among university students: Majoring in outdoor recreation, parks, and tourism predicts environmental concerns and behaviors. The Journal of Environmental Education, 42, 3, 137–151
Axelrod, R. (1984) The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books
Berkes, F. (1981) The role of self-regulation in living resources management in the North. in Renewable Resources and the Economy of the North (M.M.R. Freeman, ed.), ACUNS/MAB, Ottawa (pp.166-178)
Berkes, F. (1999) Sacred ecologies: Traditional ecological knowledge and resource management. New York: Taylor and Francis
Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E. (1997) Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Burton, J. (1998) Conflict resolution: The human dimension. The International Journal of Peace Studies 3, 1 http://www.gmu.edu/programs/icar/ijps/vol3_1/burton.htm, (accessed October 26, 2013)
Canada. National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy (2011) Paying the price: The economic impacts of climate change for Canada. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy [Accessed 20 October 2012 at http://nrtee-trnee.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/paying-the-price.pdf]
Clarke, J.N. and McCool, D. (1996) Staking out the terrain: Power differentials among natural resource management agencies. Albany: SUNY Press
Clark, S.G., Rutherford, M. B., Auer, M.R., Cherney, D.N., Wallace, R.L., Mattson, D.J., Clark, D. A., Foote, L., Krogman, N., Wilshusen, P. and Steelman, T. (2011a) College and university environmental programs as a policy problem (Part 1): Integrating knowledge, education, and action for a better world? Environmental Management 47, 5, 701-715
Clark, S.G., Rutherford, M. B., Auer, M.R., Cherney, D.N., Wallace, R.L., Mattson, D.J., Clark, D. A., Foote, L., Krogman, N., Wilshusen, P. and Steelman, T. (2011b) College and university environmental programs as a policy problem (Part 2): Strategies for improvement. Environmental Management 47, 5, 716-726
Feeney, D., Berkes, F. McCay, B. Acheson, J. (1990) The tragedy of the commons: Twenty-two years later. Human Ecology 18, 1, 1-19
Feit, H. (2005) Re-cognizing co-management as co-governance: Visions and histories of conservation at James Bay. Anthropologica 47, 2, 267-288
Flores, R., Koster, M., Lindner, I., and Molina, E. (2012) Networks and collective action. Social Networks 34, 4, 570-584
Goodenough, W.H. (1963) Cooperation in Change. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
Hutchings, P., Huber, M.T. and Ciccone, A. (2011) The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Reconsidered: Institutional integration and impact. New York: Jossey-Bass
Jentoft, S. (2000) Legitimacy and disappointment in fisheries management. Marine Policy 24, 141-148
Johnston, H. (2005) Radical Campus: Making Simon Fraser University. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre
Keltner, D. (2009) Born to be Good. New York: Norton
Lane, Dan and Stephenson, R. (2000) Institutional arrangements for fisheries: Alternate structures and impediments to change. Marine Policy 24, 385-393
Lertzman, K.P. (2009) The paradigm of management, management systems, and resource stewardship. Journal of Ethnobiology 29, 2, 339–358
Lewin, K.Z. (1939) When facing danger. in G.W. Lewin (Ed.) Resolving Social Conflict. London: Harper and Row
Maniates, M.F. and Whisse, J.C. (2000) Environmental studies: The sky is not falling. BioScience 50, 6, 509-517
Martin, E. and Beatley, T. (1993) Our Relationship with the Earth: Environmental ethics in planning education. Journal of Planning Education and Research 12, 2, 117–126
McCay, B. and Acheson, J. (Eds.) (1987) The Question of the Commons: The culture and ecology of communal resources. Tucson: University of Arizona Press
McGowan, A.H. (2004) Challenges for environmental studies. Environment 46, 2, 10-12
Moslemi, J.M., Capps, K.A., Johnson, M.S., Maul, J., McIntyre, P.B., Melvin, A.M., Vadas, T.M., Vallano, D.M., Watkins, J.M. and Weiss, M. (2009) Training tomorrow’s environmental problem solvers: An integrative approach to graduate education. BioScience 59, 6, 514-521
Ness, J. and Williams, P.W. (2008) Dialogue management factors: A 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games case. Journal of Travel and Tourism Education, 8, 2&3, 193-221
Netting, R.McC. (1993) Smallholders, Householders; Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture. Stanford: Stanford University Press
Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons. New York: Cambridge University Press
Petter, A. and Taylor, C. (2012) Opening a public square: SFU closes gap in ‘disconnected.’ Vancouver Sun, 17 June 2012, [Accessed 20 October 2012 at http://www.vancouversun.com/Opening+public+square+closes+disconnected/6796888/story.html#ixzz2AcqiNqAw]
Plummer, R.. (2009) The adaptive co-management process: An initial synthesis of representative models and influential variables. Ecology and Society 14, 2, 24
Pinkerton, E.W. (1989) Attaining better fisheries management through co‑management: Prospects, problems, and propositions. in E. Pinkerton, (Ed.) Co-operative Management of Local Fisheries: New directions in improved management and community development. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press (3‑33)
Pinkerton, E. (1998) Integrated management of a temperate montane forest ecosystem through wholistic forestry: A British Columbia example. in F. Berkes and C. Folke (Eds.) Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. New York: Cambridge University Press (pp. 363–389)
Pinkerton, E. (2007) Integrating holism and segmentalism: Overcoming barriers to adaptive co-management between management agencies and multi-sector bodies. in D. Armitage, F. Berkes and N. Doubleday (Eds.) Adaptive co-management: Collaborative learning and multi-level governance. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press (pp.151-171)
Pinkerton, E. (2009) Coastal marine systems: Conserving fish and sustaining community livelihoods. in F.S. Chapin III, G.P. Kofinas, and C. Folke (Eds.), Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship: Resilience-based natural resource management in a changing world. New York: Springer (pp. 241-258)
Pinkerton, E. (2013) Alternatives to ITQs in equity-efficiency-effectiveness trade-offs: How the lay-up system spread effort in the BC halibut fishery. Marine Policy 42, 5-13
Pinkerton, E. and Edwards, D. (2009) The elephant in the room: The hidden costs of leasing individual transferable fishing quotas. Marine Policy 33: 707-713
Pinkerton, E. and John, L. (2008) Creating local management legitimacy: Building a local system of clam management in a Northwest Coast community. Marine Policy, 32, 4, 680-691
Pinkerton, E., Heaslip, R., Furman, K. and Silver, J. (2008) Finding ‘space’ for co-management of forests within the Neo-liberal paradigm: Rights, strategies, tools for asserting a local agenda. Human Ecology 36, 3, 343-355
Poteete, A.R., Janssen, M.A. and Ostrom, E. (2010) Working together: Collective action, the commons, and multiple methods in practice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
Rogers, C.R, Lyon, H.C. and Tausch, R. (2013) On becoming an effective teacher: Person-centered teaching, psychology, philosophy, and dialogues with Carl R. Rogers and Harold Lyon. London: Routledge
Scharmer, O.C. (2007) Theory U: Leading from the future as it emerges. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler
Schlager, E. and Ostrom, E. (1993) Property-rights regimes and coastal fisheries: an empirical analysis. In T.L. Anderson and R.T. Simmons (Eds.) The Political Economy of Customs and Culture: Informal solutions to the commons problem. Savage, MD: Rowman and Littlefield
Susskind, L. (2000) Environmental planning: The changing demands of effective practice. In L. Rodwin and B. Sanyal (Eds.) The Profession of City Planning: Changes, images and challenges 1950–2000. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University (pp.161-173)
Swezey, S. and Heizer, R. (1977) Ritual management of salmonid fish resources in California. Journal of California Anthropology 4, 1, 6-29
Union of Concerned Scientists (2013) About us. http://www.ucsusa.org/about/, accessed October 28, 2013
United Nations Environment Programme (2012a) Global Environment Outlook 5. Progress Press Ltd. [Accessed 30 October 2012 at http://www.unep.org/geo/geo5.asp]
United Nations Environment Programme (2012b) Global Environment Outlook 5; Summary for Policy Makers. Progress Press Ltd. [Accessed 30 October 2012 at http://www.unep.org/geo/geo5.asp]
Wagner, H., Murphy, M., Holderegger, R. and Waits, L. (2012) Developing an interdisciplinary, distributed graduate course for twenty-first century scientists. BioScience 62, 2, 182-188
Wals, A.E.J. (Ed.) (2007) Social learning towards a sustainable world. The Netherlands: Wageringen Academic Publishers
Washington, R. O., and Strong, D. (1997) A model for teaching environmental justice in a planning curriculum. Journal of Planning Education and Research 16, 4, 280–290
Welch, J.R. and L. Tripp (2011) Cooperation in land and resource management– guide to research materials [Accessed 26 October 2013 at http://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/subject-guides/rem/cooperation-in-rem]
Welch, J.R., Lepofsky, D.S. and M. Washington (2011b) Assessing collaboration with the Sliammon First Nation in a community-based heritage research and stewardship program, Archaeological Review from Cambridge 26, 2, 171-190
Welch, J.R., Lepofsky, D.S., Caldwell, M., Combes, G. and Rust, C. (2011a) Treasure bearers: Personal foundations for effective leadership in Northern Coast Salish heritage stewardship. Heritage and Society, 4, 1, 83-114
White, S.S. and Mayo, J.M. (2005) Environmental education in graduate professional degrees: The case of urban planning. The Journal of Environmental Education 36, 3, 31-38
White, T.S.A. (2002) Definitions and frameworks for environmental sustainability in higher education. Higher Education Policy 15, 105-120
Wilson, D.C., Nielsen, J.R. and Degnbol, P. (Eds.) (2003) The Fisheries Co-management Experience: Accomplishments, challenges and prospects. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Wilson, J., Acheson, J., Metcalfe, M. and Kleban, P. (1994) Chaos, complexity, and community management of fisheries. Marine Policy 18, 4, 291-305
Wilson, J.Q. (1989) Bureaucracy: What government agencies do and why they do it. New York: Basic Books
Winner, W.E. and Champion, E. (2012) Environmental academic programs: Advancing sustainability with a new environmental agenda. Sustainability: The Journal of Record 5, 4, 248-254
Zurayk, R., El-Fadel, M. and Nuwayhid, I. (2010) The Interfaculty Graduate Environmental Sciences Program of the American University of Beirut: An ESD initiative in the Arab world. International Review of Education 56, 2-3, 299-314