Deliver us from evil: The role of faith and family in coping with stress among African migrants in Australia

Authors

  • Irene Ikafa Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Australia
  • Dieu Hack-Polay University of Lincoln

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v20i3.1324

Abstract

The paper examines stressors affecting involuntary and voluntary African migrants in Australia and how they cope with stress. Using semi-structured interviews, the paper examines the experiences of 30 African migrants in Australia. Most participants used a diversity of strategies including the reliance of God and family –usually constructed by alliance rather than kinship -to cope with stress. The key contribution of the paper is to go beyond traditional integration strategies to highlight the significance of God and family as remedies to ‘deliver’ the migrants from the obstacles to effective resettlement and psychological healing.

Keywords: African migrants; stress; God; family; resettlement; coping strategies.

Author Biographies

Irene Ikafa, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Australia

Lecturer in Nursing

Dieu Hack-Polay, University of Lincoln

Associate Professor

References

Abur W., & Spaaij, R. (2016). Settlement and employment experiences of South Sudanese people from refugee backgrounds in Melbourne, Australia. Australasian Review of African Studies, 37, 2, 107.

Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 166–191. doi: 10.1093/jrs/fen016

Ahmed, B. A. (2006). Report of the African–Australian community’s initiative workshop on issues affecting the resettlement of Africans. African Think Tank Inc.

Baird, M. B. (2012). Well-Being in Refugee Women Experiencing Cultural Transition”, Advances in Nursing Science, 35(3), 249-26 210.1097/ANS.1090b1013e31826260c31826260.

Berry, J. (2012). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures”, International journal of intercultural relations, 29(6), 697-712.

Berry, J. W. (1970). Marginality, stress and ethnic identification in an acculturated Aboriginal community, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 239–252.

Brand, R., Loh, J. M., & A.Guilfoyle, A. (2014). Young African Female Refugees’ Sense of Acculturation and Community Connection in Western Australia”, Office Bearers of the APS College Of Community Psychologists, 26(2).

Casimiro, S., Hancock, P. and Northcote, J. (2007) Isolation and Insecurity: Resettlement Issues Among Muslim Refugee Women in Perth, Western Australia, Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol.42 No1, pp.55-69

Colic-Peisker, V. (2009). Visibility, settlement success and life satisfaction in three refugee communities in Australia”, Ethnicities, 9(2), 175-199.

Cox, D., Cooper, B., & Adepoju, M. (1999). The settlement of black Africans in Australia: Department of Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University.

Dunbar, E. (1993). Adjustment and satisfaction of expatriate US personnel”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(1), 1-16.

Fozdar, F., & Torezani, S. (2008). Discrimination and well‐being: Perceptions of refugees in Western Australia”, International Migration Review, 42(1), 30-63.

Goodman, J. H. (2004). Coping with trauma and hardship among unaccompanied refugee youths from Sudan. Qualitative Health Research, 14(9), 1177–1196. doi: 10.1177/1049732304265923

Hack-Polay, D. (2008). Migrant integration: case for a necessary shift of paradigm, Journal Identity and Migration Studies, 2(1).

Hack-Polay, D. (2016). Reframing migrant integration: reconceptualising citizenship and nationhood in Europe, Book Guild, Brighton.

Hack-Polay, D. (2012). When home isn’t home—A study of homesickness and coping strategies among migrant workers and expatriates. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 4(3), 62–72. doi:10.5539

Hack-Polay, D. (2010). Dating and Marriage among Britain’s African

Refugees: A Means of Socialisation?, Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration, 5(1) 29-37

Halcón, L. L., Robertson, C. L., Savik, K., Johnson, D. R., Spring, M. A., Butcher, J. N. & Jaranson, J. M. (2004). Trauma and coping in Somali and Oromo refugee youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(1), 17-25.

Heger Boyle, E., Ali, A. (2010). Culture, structure, and the refugee experience in Somali immigrant family transformation, International Migration, 48(1), 47-79.

Hinsliff, J. (2006). Integration or Exclusion. The Resettlement Experiences of Refugees in Australia. Retrieved November, 24, 2018.

Hemmasi, M. & Downes, M. (2013) "Cultural distance and expatriate adjustment revisited",

Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research, Vol. 1 Issue: 1, pp.72-91, https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-09-2012-0010

Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: A review of the literature. Child abuse & neglect, 32(8), 797-810.

Hancock, P. (2017). Recent African refugees to Australia: Analysis of current refugee services, a case study from Western Australia. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 1(2), 10.

Khawaja, N. G., White, K. M., Schweitzer, R. & Greenslade, J. (2008). Difficulties and coping strategies of Sudanese refugees: A qualitative approach. Transcultural Psychiatry, 45(3), 489–512. doi: 10.1177/1363461508094678.

Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11

Kuyini, A. B., & Kivunja, C. (2018). African refugee spouses’ experience of resettlement in regional Australia: Disempowering and empowering narratives. International Social Work, 0020872818808352.

Maneze, D. et al. (2014) Acculturative stress in Filipino migrants with functional English: implications for health promotion, International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 7(4), 357-369, DOI:10.1080/17542863.2013.812131

McMichael, C. & Manderson, L. (2004). Somali women and well-being: Social networks and social capital among immigrant women in Australia. Human Organization, 63(1), 88–99.

Muli, C., Pittaway, E. & Shteir, S. (2009). ‘I have a voice—hear me!’ Findings of an Australian study examining the resettlement and integration experience of refugees and migrants from the horn of Africa in Australia. Refuge, 26, 133.

Murray, K. E. (2010). Sudanese perspectives on resettlement in Australia. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(1), 30–43. doi: 10.1375/prp.4.1.30

Ogunsiji, O., Wilkes, L., Jackson, D. & Peters, K. (2012). Beginning again: West African women’s experiences of being migrants in Australia. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 23(3), 279–286.

Omar, A. A. (2003). The resettlement experiences of Somalian refugees in Western Australia. (Master’s dissertation). Curtin University of Technology.

Owusu, T. (2003). Transnationalism among African immigrants in North America: The case of Ghanaians in Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale, 4(3), 395–413. doi: 10.1007/s12134-003-1027-x

Peisker, V. C., & Tilbury, F. (2003). ‘Active’ and ‘passive’ resettlement: The influence of support services and refugees’ own resources on resettlement style. International Migration, 41(5), 61–91. doi: 10.1111/j.0020-7985.2003.00261.x

Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K. & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 493–510.

Savic, M., A. Chur‐Hansen, A., Mahmood, M. A., Moore, V. (2013). Separation from family and its impact on the mental health of Sudanese refugees in Australia: A qualitative study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37(4), 383–388.

Scharp, K.M., Paxman, C.G. and Thomas, L.J. (2015), “I Want to Go Home”: Homesickness Experiences and Social- Support-Seeking Practices”, Environment and Behavior pp. 1-23

Smart, J. F. and Smart D. W. (1995) Acculturative Stress: The Experience of the Hispanic Immigrant, The Counselling Psychjologist 2(1), 25-42, https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000095231003

Schweitzer, R., Greenslade, J., & Kagee, A. (2007). Coping and resilience in refugees from the Sudan: A narrative account. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(3), 282–288. doi: 10.1080/00048670601172780

Smith, A. (2004). Reading against the Postcolonial Grain: Migrancy and Exile in the Short Stories of Kanchana Ugbabe”, Research in African Literatures, 35(3), 62-75. doi:10.1353/ral.2004.0075

Stein, B.N. (1986). The experience of being a refugee: Insights from the research literature”, Refugee mental health in resettlement countries, 5-23.

Taylor, R., Forsythe-Brown, I., Taylor, H. & Chatters, L. (2013). Patterns of emotional social support and negative interactions among African American and Black Caribbean extended families. Journal of African American Studies, 18(2), 147–163.

Ward, C. H. (2000). Migration, metamorphosis and the residual link: resources of British women to re-invent themselves. (PhD), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. Retrieved from http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070905.85058

Zhong, B-L. et al. (2016) Acculturative Stress of Chinese Rural-To-Urban Migrant Workers: A Qualitative Study, PLOS One, June 14, 1-15, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0157530

Downloads

Published

2019-12-18

How to Cite

Ikafa, I., & Hack-Polay, D. (2019). Deliver us from evil: The role of faith and family in coping with stress among African migrants in Australia. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 20(3), 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v20i3.1324

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2019-10-22
Accepted 2019-12-18
Published 2019-12-18