Outcomes and savings associated with the Quality Parenting Initiative

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v20i2.1114

Abstract

Though several training and support programs for foster carers improve child behaviors, few have been shown to have a large impact on child welfare outcomes such as permanency. Additionally, most training and support programs are expensive. The Quality Parenting Initiative (QPI) aims to improve outcomes at low cost by empowering foster carers as well as caseworkers. This paper uses administrative data to show that the earliest implementation of QPI shortened stays in care for children who were reunified. Savings from shorter stays in care are estimated to be more than three times greater than expenditures.

Author Biographies

Mary Eschelbach Hansen, American University

Mary Eschelbach Hansen is Professor of Economics. She is widely published in the fields of child policy, bankruptcy, and economic history.

Ashley Provencher, Siena College

Ashely Provencher is Assistant Professor of Economics.  She is espeically interested in the evaluation of policies to reduce crime and poverty and to improve child welfare.

Brian T. Yates, American University

Brian T. Yates is Professor of Psychology.  Most of his publications apply cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis to the systematic evaluation and improvement of human services.

References

Albowicz, K. (2004) Florida’s experiment with privatizing child welfare services,

The American Federation of State County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), AFL-CIO [Accessed 1 September 2015 at http://www.afscme.org/news-publications/publications/privatization/pdf/flchild.pdf]

Bell, T. and Romano, E. (2017). Permanency and safety among children in foster family and kinship care: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18,3, 268-286.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (2014) May 2013 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates California [Accessed 29 July 2016 at http://www.bls.gov/oes/2013/may/oes_ca.htm#21-0000]

Brown, J., & Calder, P. (1999) Concept mapping the needs of foster parents. Child Welfare, 76, 6, 729–746

Bureau of Labor Statistics (2016) Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Unemployment rates by State [Accessed 25 July 2016 at http://data.bls.gov/map/MapToolServlet?survey=la&map=state&seasonal=u]

California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (2016) Programs [Accessed 21 July 2016 at http://www.cebc4cw.org/ http://www.cebc4cw.org/search/]

Cavanaugh, as cited in C. Holden (1978), Senators hear case for psychotherapy. Science, 201, 794-795.

Chamberlain, P., Price, J., Reid, J., & Landsverk, J. (2008) Cascading implementation of a foster and kinship parent intervention. Child Welfare, 87,5, 27.

Child Trends (2016) State Child Welfare Policy Database [Accessed 31 December 2017 at http://www.childwelfarepolicy.org/]

Child Welfare Information Gateway (2015) Links to State and Tribal Child Welfare Law and Policy. [Accessed 29 July 2016 https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/laws-policies/statutes/resources/.

Clark, H, B., Boyd, C. S. A., & Eamon, M. K. (2007) Self-perception of fulfilling the foster caregiver role measure. doi: 10.1037/t23467-000.

Clark, H. B., Lee, B., Prange, M. E., & McDonald, B. A. (1996) Children lost within the foster care system: Can wraparound service strategies improve placement outcomes? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5,1, 39-54.

Cummings, N. A. (1977) Prolonged (ideal) versus short-term (realistic) psychotherapy. Professional Psychology, 8, 491-501.

Daley, M., Argeriou, M., McCarty, D., Callahan, J. J., Shepard, D. S. & Williams, C. N. (2000) The costs of crime and the benefits of substance abuse treatment for pregnant women. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19, 4, 445-458

Delaney, R., Nelson, C., Pacifici, C., White, L., & Smalley, B. K. (2012). Web-enhanced pre-service training for prospective resource parents: A randomized trial of effectiveness and user satisfaction. Journal of Social Service Research, 38, 4, 503-514.

DeVooght, K. & Blazey, D. (2013). Family Foster Care Reimbursement Rates in the U.S. Accessed 31 December 2017 at http://childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Foster-Care-Payment-Rate-Report.pdf]

Dickes, A., Kemmis-Riggs, J. and McAloon, J. (2017) Methodological challenges to the evaluation of interventions for foster/kinship carers and children: A systematic review. Clinical child and family psychology review [Accessed 10 January 2017 at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10567-017-0248-z]

Dominick, G., Saunders, R., Friedman, D., Hussey, J.& Watkins, K. W. (2015) Factors associated with provision of instrumental social support for physical activity in a foster parent population. Children and Youth Services Review, 52, May, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.02.005.

Ettner, S. L., Huang, D., Evans, E., Ash, D. R., Hardy, M., Jourabchi, M., & Hser, Yih-Ing (2006) Benefit-cost in the California Treatment Outcome Project: Does substance abuse treatment “pay for itself”? Health Services Research, 41, 1, 192-213.

French, M. T., McCollister, K. E., Cacciola, J., Durell, J/, & Stephens, R. L. (2002) Benefit-cost analysis of addiction treatment in Arkansas: Specialty and standard residential programs for pregnant and parenting women. Substance Abuse, 23, 1, 31-51.

Gries, L. & Farmer, E. (1986) The use of multiple goals in the treatment of foster children with emotional disorders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 17, 5, 381-390. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.17.5.381.

Farmer, E. M., Burns, B. J., Wagner, H. R., Murray, M., & Southerland, D. G. (2010) Enhancing “usual practice” treatment foster care: findings from a randomized trial on improving youths' outcomes. Psychiatric Services, 61, 6, 555-561.

Florida Department of Children and Families (FDCF) (2016) My Future, My Choice – for Foster Parents [Accessed 28 July 2016 at http://www.myflfamilies.com/service-programs/independent-living/myfuturemychoice-fp]

Hebert, C.G. and Kulkin, H., (2017) An investigation of foster parent training needs. Child & Family Social Work. DOI: 10.1111/cfs.12413

Jones, K., & Vischi, T. (1979) Impact of alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health treatment on medical care utilization. Medical Care, Special Supplement, December.

Leuven, E., & Sianesi, B. (2015) PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing. [Accessed 9 August 2016 at https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s432001.html]

Markowitz, J. C. (2015) Is psychotherapy for personality disorders worth it? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76, 11, 1472-1473.

McHugh, M., & Pell, A. (2013) Reforming the foster care system in Australia. Sydney: UNSW: Social Policy Research Centre.

National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (2016a) Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) Annual File User’s Guide for Fiscal Years 2000 to Present [Accessed 22 July 2016 at http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu/datasets/dataset-details.cfm?ID=187]

National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (2016b) Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) Foster Care File Code Book [Accessed 22 July 2016 at http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu/datasets/dataset-details.cfm?ID=187]

Piescher, K. N., & LaLiberte, T. (2008) Evidence-based practice in foster parent training and support: Implications for treatment foster care providers. Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota School of Social Work. [Accessed 9 November 2010 at http://cascw.umn.edu/portfolio-items/ebp-in-foster-parent-training-tfc-pub/]

Price, J. M., Chamberlain, P., Landsverk, J., Reid, J. B., Leve, L. D., & Laurent, H. (2008) Effects of a foster parent training intervention on placement changes of children in foster care. Child Maltreatment, 13, 1, 64-75.

Salas, M. D., García-Martín, M. Á., Fuentes, M. J., & Bernedo, I/ M. (2015) Children’s emotional and behavioral problems in the foster family context. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 5, 1373-1383. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-9944-1.

SAMHSA (2014) Population Data/NSDUH by State and Substate Areas [Accessed 25 July 2016 at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/reports-by-geography?tid=627&map=1]

Suzuki, H., & Tomoda, A. (2015) Roles of attachment and self-esteem: Impact of early life stress on depressive symptoms among Japanese institutionalized children. BioMed Central: Psychiatry, 15, Feb 5, Article 8.

Tarren-Sweeney, M. (2013) Assessment Checklist for Adolescents (ACA). doi: 10.1037/t22649-000.

US DHHS (2016) Administration for Children and Families, Children’s Bureau,

Child and Family Services Reviews [Accessed 31 Dewcember 2017 at http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/monitoring/child-family-services-reviews)]

Withington, T., Burton, J., Lonne, B. and Eviers, A. (2016) Carer perspectives of factors affecting placement trajectories of children in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 65, June, 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.03.006

Whitehead, L.M. (2016) Exploring foster carers' perceptions of the long-term effectiveness of the Fostering Changes training programme. Master’s thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. (2010) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Yates, B. T. (1981) Testimony of the American Psychological Association on the subject of effectiveness and cost-benefit of outpatient mental health services. Congressional Record, Serial No. 97-11, 124-130.

Yates, B. T. (1996) Analyzing costs, procedures, processes, and outcomes in human services: An introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Yates, B.T. (1999) Measuring and improving cost, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit for substance abuse treatment programs. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH Publication Number 99-4518.

Youth Law Center (2016) Quality Parenting Initiative [Accessed 19 December 19 2017 at http://www.ylc.org/our-work/action-litigation/quality-foster-care/quality-parenting-initiative/]

Downloads

Published

2019-11-03

How to Cite

Hansen, M. E., Provencher, A., & Yates, B. T. (2019). Outcomes and savings associated with the Quality Parenting Initiative. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 20(2), 12-41. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v20i2.1114

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2018-01-15
Accepted 2019-08-09
Published 2019-11-03

Most read articles by the same author(s)