Hidden and ignored: Older sexual and gender minorities in New Zealand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v21i1.1368Abstract
This article explores the experiences of a frequently ignored and underrepresented population in social work research – older sexual and gender minorities. Reporting on findings from a larger research project with older LGBTQ+ people in New Zealand, thirty-one participants between the ages of 60 and 80 were interviewed about their experiences of social connectedness, stigma, and discrimination. Findings highlight that older sexual and gender minorities were twice made invisible. They felt excluded by mainstream society based on their age, as well as their sexual and gender identities. Implications include a need to incorporate intersectional perspectives when working with both older adults and members of the LGBTQ+ community. Social work practitioners also need to consider the multifaceted and compounding identities of their clients with diverse experiences.Keywords: sexual and gender minorities; older adults; New Zealand; invisibility; social work
References
Agger, B. (1998). Critical Social Theories. Colorado : Westview Press
Antonelli, P. and Dettore, D. (2014). Relationship, social, and individual well-being in Italian male same-sex couples. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 26, 3, 383-406
Blando, J. A. (2001). Twice hidden: Older gay and lesbian couples, friends, and intimacy. Generations, 25, 2, 87-89
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2013). Successful Qualitative Research: A practical guide for beginners. London: Sage
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2014). What can ‘thematic analysis’ offer health and wellbeing researchers? International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 9, 1 [Accessed 19 March 2018 at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/qhw.v9.26152]
Brennan-Ing, M., Seidel, L., Larson, B. and Karprak, S. E. (2014). Social Care Networks and Older LGBT Adults: Challenges for the Future. Journal of Homosexuality, 61, 1, 21-52
Brooke, L. and Taylor, P. (2005). Older workers and employment: Managing age relations. Ageing & Society, 25, 3, 415-429
Brotman, S., Ryan, B. and Cormier, R. (2003). The health and social service needs of gay and lesbian elders and their families in Canada. The Gerontologist, 43, 2, 192-202
Brown, K. (2006). Vulnerable Adults and Community Care. UK: Learning Matter
Chandler, M., Margery, M., Maynard, N., Newsome, M., South, C., Panich, E. and Payne, R. (2004). Sexuality, older people and residential aged care. Geriaction, 22, 4, 5-11
Crossley, N. (2005). Key Concepts in Critical Social Theory. London: Sage
Dant, T. (2003) Critical Social Theory: Culture, society and critique. Sage Publications: London
Fook, J. (2002). Social Work: Critical theory and practice. London: Sage
Foreman, M. and Quinlan, M. (2008). Increasing social work students’ awareness of heterosexism and homophobia - A partnership between a community gay health project and a school of social work. Social Work Education, 27, 2, 152-158
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H., Emlet, C. A., Muraco, A., Erosheva, E. A., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., Goldsen, J., and Petry, H. (2011). The Aging and Health Report: Disparities and resilience among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. [Accessed 19 March 2018 at http://caringandaging.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Full-Report-FINAL-11-16-11.pdf]
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H., Shiu, C., Goldsen, J. and Emlet, C. A. (2015). Successful aging among LGBT older adults: Physical and mental health-related quality of life by age group. The Gerontologist, 55, 1, 154-168
Freixas, A., Luque, B. and Reina, A. (2012). Critical feminist gerontology: In the back rooms of research. Journal of Women & Aging, 24, 1, 44-58
Guess, R. (1981). The Idea of a Critical Theory: Habermas and the Frankfurt School. London: Cambridge University Press:
Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M. and Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied Thematic Analysis. Los Angeles: Sage
Hughes, M. and Heycox, K. (2010). Older People, Ageing and Social Work: Knowledge for practice. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin
Human Rights Commission. (2007). To Be Who I Am. Retrieved from: https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/5714/2378/7661/15-Jan-2008_14-56-48_HRC_Transgender_FINAL.pdf
Knochel, K. A., Croghan, C. F., Moone, R. P. and Quam, J. K. (2012). Training, geography, and provision of aging services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 55, 5, 426-443
Logie, C. H., James, L., Tharao, W. and Loutfy, M. R. (2012). ‘We don’t exist’: A qualitative study of marginalization experienced by HIV-positive lesbian, bisexual, queer and transgender women in Toronto, Canada. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 15, 2 [Accessed 19 March 2016 at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.7448/IAS.15.2.17392]
Lucksted, A. (2004) Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people receiving services in the public mental health system: Raising issues. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 8, 3-4, 25-42.
Mahieu, L., Cavolo, A. and Gastmans. (2018). How do community-dwelling LGBT people perceive sexuality in residential aged care? A systematic literature review. Aging & Mental Health. [Accessed 19 March 2018 at https://www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy.canterbury.ac.nz/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2018.1428938?scroll=top&needAccess=true]
Markman, E. R. (2011) Gender identity disorder, the gender binary, and transgender oppression: Implications for ethical social work. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 81, 4, 314-327
Mason, J. (2004). Semistructured interview. in Lewis-Beck, M.S., Bryman, A. & T.F.Liao (Eds.) The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications (pp.1021-1022)
McDonald, A. (2010). Social Work with Older People. UK: Polity Press
McLean, K. (2008). Inside, outside, nowhere: Bisexual men and women in the gay and lesbian community. Journal of Bisexuality, 8, 1-2, 63-80
Mink, M. D., Lindley, L. L., & Weinstein, A. A. (2014). Stress, stigma, and sexual minority status: The intersectional ecology model of LGBTQ health. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 26(4), 502-521
Neville, S. J., Adams, J., Bellamy, G., Boyd, M. and George, N. (2015). Perceptions towards lesbian, gay and bisexual people in residential care facilities: A qualitative study. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 10, 1, 73-81
Ray, R. E. (2008). Coming of age in critical gerontology. Journal of Aging Studies, 22, 2, 97-100
Sharek, D. B., McCann, E., Sheerin, F., Glacken, M. and Higgins, A. (2015). Older LGBT people’s experiences and concerns with healthcare professionals and services in Ireland. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 10, 3, 230-240
Smith L. C., Shin., R. Q. and Officer, L. M. (2011). Moving counselling forward on LGB and transgender issues: Speaking queerly on discourses and microaggressions. The Counselling Psychologist, 40, 3, 385-408
Wagenen. A., Driskell, J. and Bradford, J. (2013). ‘I’m still raring to go’: Successful aging among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. Journal of Aging Studies, 27, 1, 1-14
Weiland, S. (1995). Critical gerontology and education for older adults. Educational Gerontology, 21, 6, 593-611
Wild, K., Wiles, J. L. and Allen, R. E. S. (2013). Resilience: Thoughts on the value of the concept for critical gerontology. Ageing and Society, 33, 1, 137-158
Yegidis, B. L. and Weinbach, R. W. (2009). Research Methods for Social Workers. Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright lies with the journal. Enquiries regarding reproduction should be sent in the first place to enquiries@whitingbirch.netAccepted 2020-03-22
Published 2020-03-22