Autoethnography for social workers: New approaches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr20252590Keywords:
positive autoethnographyAbstract
In this paper the authors introduce readers to the field of autoethnography (AE). They provide an overview of the field, then describe several different forms of AE. These include positive autoethnography, collaborative AE, duoethnography, and digital autoethnographical psychobiography, in both national and international formats (DCAP and IDCAP). They point out how AE is distinguished from autobiography. They stress the application of AE as a way for social work academics, their students, and their service users to capture elements of their professional practice, and the nature of their working relationships and experiences. This approach enables social workers and their clients to participate as equal partners in a process which can be cathartic as well as being respectful of each other’s position.
References
Adams, T. E., Ellis, C., and Holman Jones, S. (2017) Autoethnography. In, J. Matthes, C.S., Davis, and R.F. Potter (Eds.), The International Encyclopaedia of Communication Research Methods. John Wiley and Sons
Adams, T. E and Herrmann, A. F. (2023) Good autoethnography. Journal of Autoethnography, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1-9.
Adeoye, M. A., and Omiwole, J. L. (2024) The critical role of introspective analysis in modern research practices. Educational Researcher Journal, 1, 2, 32-44. https://doi.org/10.71288/educationalresearcherjournal.v1i2.12
Aguilar, J., Torres, G. M., and Macias, A. J. (2025) Insider research: Reflexivity, responsibility, and community-informed approaches. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2025.102345
Akapnitis, I. M., Jenkins, G. T., and Mendoza, N. S. (2023) Between the noise and silence: An autoethnography challenging schools of social work to evolve for trans students. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 50,1, 32-50.
Antonopoulos, I., and Madhloom, O. (2021) Promoting international human rights values through reflective practice in clinical legal education: A perspective from England and Wales. In, International perspectives in social justice programs at the institutional and community levels (pp. 109-127). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Asike, I. (2025) The shackles of lupus and the redefining path of faith and positive psychology. In, A. Grant and J. Carson (Eds.), Autoethnographies in Psychology and Mental Health. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Balfour, R. (2022) Victim-Survivor-Warrior-Healer: An autoethnographic account of a male childhood sexual violence survivor’s activist journey. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 23, 2, 103-125.
Beattie, G. (2021) Selfless: A Psychologist’s Journey through Identity and Social Class. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Beattie, L. (2022) Symbiotic Autoethnography: Moving Beyond the Boundaries of Qualitative Methodologies. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Bee, M. (2016) We social workers must shed our awe of the law to focus on the client. Community Care [Accessed 15 January 2025 at https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2016/07/21/social-workers-must-shed-awe-law-focus-client/]
Bochner, A., and Ellis, C. (2016) Evocative Autoethnography: Writing Lives and Telling Stories. Routledge.
Bohm, D. (1996) On Dialogue. Routledge.
Botelho, N. (2021) Reflection in motion: An embodied approach to reflection on practice. Reflective Practice, 22, 2, 147 -158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2020.1860926
Brandwein, R. A. (2005) Katherine Kendall: A social work institution. Affilia, 20, 1, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109904272115
Breault, R.A. (2016) Emerging issues in duoethnography. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29,6, 777-794. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1162866
Brookshaw, B. (2024) Autoethnography as a valid research tool. In, Addressing Corruption in The Police Service: The Thick Blue Line (pp. 163-197). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Bullimore, P., and Carson, J. (2012) Remarkable lives – Peter Bullimore in conversation with Jerome Carson. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 16, 3, 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1108/20428301211255392
Cattaneo, A. A., and Motta, E. (2021) ‘I reflect, therefore I am… a good professional’. On the relationship between reflection-on-action, reflection-in-action and professional performance in vocational education. Vocations and Learning, 14,2, 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-020-09259-9
Carson, J., and Ogilvie, L. (2022) Addiction recovery stories: Jerome Carson in conversation with Lisa Ogilvie. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/ADD-12-2021-0015
Carson, J., and Niklasson, M. (2023) The struggle to get a PhD: The collaborative autoethnographic accounts of two journeymen. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 47, 5, 607-618. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2023.2222363
Cartwright, C., Hayes, J. A., Yang, Y., and Shires, A. (2021) ‘Thinking it through’: Toward a model of reflective practice for trainee psychologists’ countertransference reactions. Australian Psychologist, 56, 2, 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2021.1893599
Dhakal, S., and Panta, C. N. (2024) From personal anguish to self-indulgence: Narcissism as a methodological challenge in autoethnography. Journal of Transformative Praxis, 5, 1, 86-94. https://doi.org/10.51474/jrtp/15757
Ewing, R., Waugh, F., and Smith, D. L. (2021) Introduction: What is reflection and reflective professional practice? In, Reflective Practice in Education and Social Work (pp. 1-12). Routledge.
Ewing, R., Waugh, F., and Smith, D. L. (Eds.). (2021) Reflective Practice in Education and Social Work: Interdisciplinary Explorations. Routledge.
Ferguson, H. (2018) How social workers reflect in action and when and why they don’t: The possibilities and limits to reflective practice in social work. Social Work Education,
37, 4, 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2017.1413083
Fiert, E. Van de. (2010) Participatory communication in rural development: What does it take
for the established order? Extension Farming Systems Journal, 6, 1, 96-100.
Foucault, M. (2006) The History of Madness, Amazon, Kindle edition.
Fuertes-Camacho, M. T., Dulsat-Ortiz, C., and Álvarez-Cánovas, I. (2021) Reflective practice in times of COVID-19: A tool to improve education for sustainable development in pre-service teacher training. Sustainability, 13, 11, 6261. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116261
Gonot-Schoupinsky, F., Weeks, M., and Carson, J. (2023) ‘You can end up in a happy place’ (Voyce): A role for positive autoethnography. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 27, 2. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-02-2023-0021
Gosling, G. (2016) Social Work and NHS History, https://peopleshistorynhs.org/social-work-and-nhs-history/
Goswami, D., and Tandon, R. (2016) Civil society in changing India: Emerging roles, relationships, and strategies. In, Eruptions, Initiatives and Evolution in Citizen Activism (pp. 53-64). Routledge.
Hall, R. (2023) ‘High stress, high demand, high burnout’: life as a social worker in England, The Guardian, [Accessed 15 January 2025 at https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/feb/23/high-stress-high-demand-high-burnout-life-as-social-worker-england]
Hardy, M. A. (2024) Poverty metaphors: An autoethnography in three parts. Qualitative Social Work, 23, 1, 145-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250231206801
Henderson, J., Lingle, A., and Parkes, P. (2023) ‘Reflexive autoethnography’: Subjectivity, emotion, and multiple perspectives in conservation decision-making. ICOM.
Hervey, N. (2022) A social work career in mental health. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 23, 2, 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v23i2.2084
Hopkinson, P. (2021) Safeguarding Adults Review. ‘Evelyn.’ Richmond and Wandsworth Safeguarding Adults Board. [Accessed 15 January 2025 at https://nationalnetwork.org.uk/2022/Evelyn%20SAR%20Report%20v2%20Nov2021.pdf]
Hopkinson, P., Voyce, A., and Carson, J. (2021) Syd Barrett took a left turn and never came back, Andrew Voyce did. Why? Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 25, 4, 385-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-06-2021-00031
Hopkinson, P., Bryngelsson, P., Voyce A., Niklasson, M., and Carson, J. (2022) A tale of two Peters: An analysis of the life of Peter Green using collaborative/community autoethnography and digital team ethnography. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 27, 1, 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-09-2022-0062
Hopkinson, P., Bryngelsson P., Voyce, A., Niklasson, M., and Carson, J. (2023) ‘Not so good vibrations’: Five collaborative autoethnographic accounts of Brian Wilson, his life, music, rock ‘n’ recovery. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 27, 4, 430-446. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-09-2023-0103
Hopkinson, P. and Niklasson, M. (2024) A life through the looking glass: The development of a qualitative method, International Digital Collaborative Autoethnographical Psychobiography (IDCAP). Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 28, 6,1309-1324. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-04-2024-0050
Hsbollah, H. M., and Hassan, H. (2022) Creating meaningful learning experiences with active, fun, and technology elements in the problem-based learning approach and its implications. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 19, 1, 147-181. 10.32890/mjli2022.19.1.6
Hurst, R., and Carson, J. (2021) Be honest- why did YOU decide to study Psychology? A recent graduate and a professor reflect. Psychology Teaching Review, 27, 2, 22-35. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.2021.27.2.22
Hurst, R., and Carson, J. (2021) For whom the bell chimes: A synthesis of remarkable student lives. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 25, 2, 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-10-2020-0071
Hurst, R. Carson, J. Shahama, A. Kay, H. Nabb, C., and Prescott, J. (2022) Remarkable recoveries: An interpretation of recovery narratives using the CHIME Model. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 26, 2, 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-01-2022-0001
Ide, Y., and Beddoe, L. (2024) Challenging perspectives: Reflexivity as a critical approach to qualitative social work research. Qualitative Social Work, 23, 4, 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250231173522
Jamie, K., and Rathbone, A. P. (2022) Using theory and reflexivity to preserve methodological rigour of data collection in qualitative research. Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences, 3, 1, 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/26320843211061302
Jamieson, M. K., Govaart, G. H., and Pownall, M. (2023) Reflexivity in quantitative research:
A rationale and beginner’s guide. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 17, 4, e12735. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12735
Johnson, A. K. (2004) Social work is standing on the legacy of Jane Addams: But are we sitting on the side lines? Social Work, 49, 2, 319-322. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/49.2.319
Johnson, N. N. (2023) Leadership in action: An introspective reflection. In, Transformational Leadership Styles, Management Strategies, and Communication for Global Leaders (pp. 43-57). IGI Global.
Jones, S. R., Torres, V., and Arminio, J. (2021) Negotiating the complexities of qualitative research in higher education: Essential elements and issues. Routledge.
Jones, R. (2024) A social worker expresses concern over media coverage of the Sara Sharif tragedy. Professional Social Work Magazine.[Accessed 15 January 2025 at https://basw.co.uk/about-social-work/psw-magazine/articles/social-worker-expresses-concern-over-media-coverage-sara]
Kantawala, A. (2023) Reflecting and adapting: The role of reflective practice in transforming education during the pandemic and beyond. Art Education, 76, 3, 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2023.2203665
Killick, C., and Taylor, B. J. (2024) Assessment, Risk and Decision Making in Social Work: An Introduction. Learning Matters, Sage.
Koch, H. (2021) They Can Because They Think They Can: A Psychologist’s Memoir. Lovingly Compiled Books.
Leedham, M. (2022) ‘Social workers failed to heed warnings’: A text-based study of how a profession is portrayed in UK newspapers. British Journal of Social Work, 52, 2, 1110–1128. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab096
Leggat, F. J., Wadey, R., Day, M. C., Winter, S., and Sanders, P. (2023) Bridging the know-do gap using integrated knowledge translation and qualitative inquiry: A narrative review. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 15, 2, 188-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2021.1954074
Lewin, K. (1948) Resolving Social Conflicts: Selected Papers on Group Dynamics. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Lim, W. M. (2024) What is qualitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 14413582241264619. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619
Lindseth, A., and Norberg, A. (2022) Elucidating the meaning of life world phenomena. A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 36, 3, 883-890. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.13039
Luitel, B. C., & Dahal, N. (2021) Autoethnography: Writing lives and telling stories. Journal of Transformative Praxis, 2,1, 1-7.
Lyotard, J. (1979) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. University of Minnesota Press.
Marathe, A., and Sen, A. (2021) Empathetic reflection: Reflecting with emotion. Reflective Practice, 22,4, 566-574. 10.1080/14623943.2021.1927693
Markowitz, M., and Pollack, D. (2021) Social workers are paragons of true grit. Social Work Today. [Accessed 15 January 2025 at https://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/exc_120721.shtml]
Meyer, C-H., and Gonot-Schoupinsky, F. (2024) Mental health, positive psychology, and leadership: A positive autoethnographic case study of Claude-Helene Mayer. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 28, 6, 1337-1347. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-04-2024-0054
Mlambo, M., Silén, C., and McGrath, C. (2021) Lifelong learning and nurses’ continuing professional development, a meta-synthesis of the literature. BMC Nursing, 20, 1-13. 10.1186/s12912-021-00579-2
Mohajan, H. K. (2018) Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7,1, 23-48. 10.26458/jedep.v7i1.571
Niklasson, M., Rasmussen, P., Niklasson, I., and Norlander, T. (2018) Developmental coordination disorder: The importance of grounded assessments and interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02409
Niklasson, M., and Hansson Blomkvist, U. (2022) The social worker as the Good Samaritan: When my heart did the thinking? Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 23(2), 36-52. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v23i2.2091
Niklasson, M., and Niklasson, I. (2024) Catching ‘sliding door’ moments: Finding purpose in life, and maintaining love, compassion and mental wellbeing. In, A. Grant and J. Carson (Eds.), Autoethnographies in Psychology and Mental Health. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Norris, J., Sawyer, R.D., and Lund, D. (Eds.) (2016) Duoethnography: Dialogic Methods for Social, Health, and Educational Research. Routledge.
Ogilvie, L., and Carson, J. (2023) Addiction Recovery Stories: The G-CHIME Model. Bingley: Emerald.
Olmos-Vega, F. M., Stalmeijer, R. E., Varpio, L., and Kahlke, R. (2023) A practical guide to reflexivity in qualitative research: AMEE Guide No. 149. Medical Teacher, 45, 3, 241-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2022.2057287
Parker, I. (2020) Psychology through Critical Autoethnography: Academic Discipline, Professional Practice and Reflexive History. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Poerwandari, E. K. (2021) Minimizing bias and maximizing the potential strengths of autoethnography as a narrative research. Japanese Psychological Research, 63,4, 310-323.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12320
Polanyi, M. (2009) The Tacit Dimension. University of Chicago Press.
Preston-Shoot, M. (2021) On (not) learning from self-neglect safeguarding adult reviews. Journal of Adult Protection, 23, 4, 206-224. 10.1108/JAP-02-2021-0008
Ricketts, D. (2023) An autoethnographic perspective of Life Story Work. British Journal of Social Work, 53, 1325-1340. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcad001
Robertson, J., Le Sueur, H., and Terblanche, N. (2021) Reflective practice during action learning in management development programmes. European Journal of Training and Development, 45, 2/3, 149-165. 10.1108/EJTD-04-2020-0063
Rowlands, E. (2022) Autoethnography, reflexivity, and insider researcher dynamics. African Sociological Review/Revue Africaine de Sociologie, 26,1, 6-25. 10.57054/asr.v6i2.3976
Sawyer, R. and Norris, J. (2015) Duoethnography: A retrospective 10 years after. International Review of Qualitative Research, 8,1, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2015.8.1.1
Schafer, J., and Gonot-Schoupinsky, F. (2024) Mental health and positive aging: A positive autoethnographic case study of Joyce Schaffer. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 28, 6, 1253-1262. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-03-2024-0046
Schön, D. A. (1984) The Reflective Practitioner. How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.
Schön, D. A. (1991) Educating the Reflective Practitioner. Toward a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. Jossey-Bass.
Schön, D. (2013) From technical rationality to reflection-in-action. In, R. Edwards, A. Hansson, and P.C. Raggatt (Eds.) Boundaries of Adult Learning. Routledge.
Schön, D. A. (2017) The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Routledge.
Secules, S., McCall, C., Mejia, J. A., Beebe, C., Masters, A. S., L. Sánchez‐Peña, M., and Svyantek, M. (2021) Positionality practices and dimensions of impact on equity research: A collaborative inquiry and call to the community. Journal of Engineering Education, 110, 1, 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20377
Seligman, M.E.P., and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 1, 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Seligman, M.E.P. (2002) Authentic Happiness. New York, NY: Free Press.
Seligman, M.E.P. (2011) Flourish. New York, NY: Free Press.
Seligman, M.E.P. (2018) The Hope Circuit: A Psychologist’s Journey from Helplessness to Optimism. London: Nicholas Brealey.
Simon, J. D., Boyd, R., and Subica, A. M. (2022) Refocusing intersectionality in social work education: Creating a brave space to discuss oppression and privilege. Journal of Social Work Education, 58,1, 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2021.1883492
Sparkes, A. C. (2024) Autoethnography as an ethically contested terrain: Some thinking points for consideration. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 21,1, 107-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2023.2293073
Stockwell, P. (2021) In defence of introspection. Style and Reader Response: Minds, Media, Methods (pp. 165-178). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Szasz, T. (2010) The Myth of Mental Illness. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.
Tunstill, J., and Willow, C. (2017) Professional social work and the defence of children’s and their families’ rights in a period of austerity: A case study. Social Work & Social Sciences Review 19, 1, 40-65. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v19i1.1087
Voyce, A., and Carson, J. (2020) Our lives in three parts: An autoethnographic account of two
undergraduates and their respective psychiatric careers. Mental Health and Social Inclusion,
24, 4, 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-07-2020-0045
Voyce, A., Gournay, K., and Carson, J. (2022) To Hellingly and back: Two autoethnographic accounts of life in a mental hospital. British Journal of Mental Health, 11, 4, 2-3.
Weeks, M., and Gonot-Schoupinsky, F. (2025) Mental health and positive introversion: A positive autoethnographic case study of Mark Weeks. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 29, 1. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHSI-05-2024-0086
Witkin, S. L. (2022) Autoethnography and social work: Strange bedfellows or complementary partners? Social Work & Social Sciences Review, 23, 2, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v23i2.2030
Wong, P., and Gonot-Schoupinsky, F. (2025) Mental health and meaning: A positive autoethnographic case study of Paul Wong. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 29, 1. https://doi.org/MHSI-06-2024-0092
Worthington, E., and Gonot-Schoupinsky, F. (2025) Mental health positive psychology and forgiveness: A positive autoethnographic case study of Everett Worthington. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 29, 1. https://doi.org/10.1108-MHSI-05-2024-0076
Yow, V. R. (2014) Recording Oral History: A Guide for the Humanities and Social Sciences. Rowman & Littlefield.
Zimmer, W. K., and Matthews, S. D. (2022) A virtual coaching model of professional development to increase teachers’ digital learning competencies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 109, 103544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103544