Beyond the ecomap: GIS as a promising yet chronically under-utilized method in social work

Authors

  • Kellie O'Dare Wilson University of West Florida

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v18i2.903

Abstract

Social work has used the ecomap approach to situate individuals within their environments since the 1970’s. While a useful tool, ecomaps have limitations, including their qualitative nature and pen-and-paper technology. GIS mapping, when conceptualized as an evolution of ecomaps, can situate individuals in their environment and quantify threats and resources. Social work literature mentions the usefulness of GIS as far back as the 1990’s, however current application of mapping in the profession is still quite rare. The purpose of this brief review is to examine the current state of GIS in social work teaching and published research, explore reasons why social work has been slow to adopt this methodology, and invigorate social work’s knowledge of and interest in mapping.

Author Biography

Kellie O'Dare Wilson, University of West Florida

Assistant Professor, Dept of Social Work

References

Boston College (2015) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a social work tool: Classes/tutorial. [Website]. Retrieved from: http://libguides.bc.edu/c.php?g=44294&p=1404639

Caspi, C. E., Sorensen, G., Subramanian, S. V., & Kawachi, I. (2012) The local food environment and diet: A systematic review. Health & Place, 18, 5, 1172-1187. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.05.006

Coulton, C. J., Jennings, M. Z., & Chan, T. (2013) How big is my neighborhood? Individual and contextual effects on perceptions of neighborhood scale. American Journal of Community Psychology, 51, 140-150

Council on Social Work Education [CSWE]. (2012) 2008 EPAS Handbook, updated. [Website]. Retrieved from: http://www.cswe.org/Accreditation/2008EPASHandbook.aspx

Environmental Protection Agency. (2015) Geographic Information Systems [Website]. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/reg3esd1/data/gis.htm

Environmental Systems Research Institute [ESRI]. (2014) Racism, social justice, and GIS [Website]. Retrieved from: http://www.esri.com/esri-news/arcnews/winter1314articles/racism-social-justice-and-gis

Environmental Systems Research Institute [ESRI]. (2015) Training catalog. [Website]. Retrieved from: http://www.esri.com/training/main/training-catalog

Ewing, R., Schmid, T., Killingsworth, R., Zlot, A., and Raudenbush, S. (2003) Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity. American Journal of Health Promotion, 18, 1, 47-52

Felke, T. P. (2014) Building capacity for the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in social work planning, practice, and research. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 32, 1

Florida Department of Agriculture. (2014) Examining the impact of food deserts on diet-related deaths in Florida. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

Hartman, A. (1995) Diagrammatic assessment of family relationships. Families in Society, 76, 2, 111–122

Hillier, A. (2007) Why social work needs mapping. Journal of Social Work Education 43, 2, 205-221

Gjesfjeld, C. D., & Jung, J. K. (2011) How far? Using geographical information systems (GIS) to examine maternity care access for expectant mothers in a rural state. Social Work Health Care, 50, 2, 682-693

Gjesfjeld, C. D., & Jung, J. (2014) Teaching poverty with geographic visualization and geographic information systems (GIS): A case study of east buffalo and food access Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 34, 5, 531-544. doi:10.1080/08841233.2014.955944

Kirwan Institute. (2009) Utilizing GIS to support advocacy and social justice. [Website]. Retrieved from: http://www.kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/reports/2009/06_2009_GIStoSupportSocialAdvocacyandJustice_Kirwan_JointCenter.pdf

Mokdad, A. H., Marks, J. S., Stroup, D. F., & Gerberding, J. L. (2004) Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000. JAMA, 291, 10, 1238-1245

National Association of Social Workers. (2008) Code of ethics. [Website]. Retrieved from: http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/default.asp

O’Dare, K. (2011) Environmental sprawl and weight status: The paradox of obesity in the food desert (Doctoral dissertation) Retrieved from http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/etd/2466) (Paper 2466)

O’Dare Wilson, K. (in press). Place matters: Mitigating obesity with the Person in Environment (PIE) approach. Health Care and Social Work. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2015.1107017

Quantum Geographic Information Systems [QGIS]. (2015) A free and open source GIS. [Website]. Retrieved from: http://www2.qgis.org/en/site/

Shannon, K., Rusch, M., Shoveller, J., Alexson, D., Gibson, K., & Tyndall, M. W. (2008) Mapping violence and policing as an environmental–structural barrier to health service and syringe availability among substance-using women in street-level sex work. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19, 2, 140-147. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.lib.uwf.edu/10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.11.024

Thacker, S. B., Stroup, D. F., Carande-Kulis, V., Marks, J. S., Roy, K., Gerberding, J. L. (2006) Measuring the public’s health. Public Health Reports, 121, 1, 14-22

Tompkins, P. L., & Southward, L. H. (1998) Geographic information systems (GIS): Implications for promoting social and economic justice. Computers in Human Services, 15, 2, 209-226

University of Michigan. (2013) Advanced topics in macro social work. [Website] Retrieved from: http://ssw.umich.edu/courses/advanced-topics-in-macro-social-work/sw799/001/20142

Published

2016-05-05

How to Cite

O’Dare Wilson, K. (2016). Beyond the ecomap: GIS as a promising yet chronically under-utilized method in social work. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 18(2), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v18i2.903

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2016-05-05
Accepted 2016-05-05
Published 2016-05-05